Despite strict roles for men and women by class and race, and strong criticism of unconventional behavior during the early 1800s, activists and agitators chose to live their lives with greater freedom than they had been born into. Step by step on the long path of achieving more rights for all people, the perseverance, stubbornness and determination of women like Betsey Bailey, Harriet Bailey and Anna Murray, all women central to Frederick Douglass’s life, passed on a better world for all. While the amount of correspondence and information about the great orator’s life has been available to researchers, what’s been known about the key role of women in the social reform movements of the 1900s is finally coming to light for interested readers.

Up until recently when long-lost family mementoes came to light, there was very little information about the daily life of Frederick and Anna  Douglass in Rochester, New York. There was even less about their five children.
For the first version of Special Delivery, the author read The Frederick Douglass Papers: Volume 1, Series One: Speeches, Debates, and Interviews, 1841-1846, (Yale University, 2009). These letters were selected from 5,000 pieces of correspondence available at the time. Most of the information about the family came from the endnotes. The author made a list of events from December 1851 through December 1852 and flipped them to tell the story from the point of view of one of the children who was at home while their father was often away. That was how Lewis, age 11, became the main character.
It was a puzzle to figure out when the family moved to the new property. What was said in Douglass’s letters from the Correspondence Series was: abolitionist Gerrit Smith’s wife visited the new home on the hill in July 1852. The mortgage in Monroe County was filed in 1854. There’s no property on the southeast quadrant map of 1852, only a neighbor’s house. The Douglass house burned down in June 1872. 
Research for O’Keefe’s history books in 2005 and 2006 was mostly from hard copy. The Local History Division of the Public Library in downtown Rochester then had the original Rochester City Directory of 1851, and original city maps. Even though many items are online now, the author’s local advantage included going to the Monroe County offices and looking up the original mortgage.
One of the main sources of details on family life was Dear Father: a Collection of Letters to Frederick Douglass from His Children 1859-1894, edited by Mark Anthony Cooper, Sr., (Philadelphia: Fulmore Press, 1990) It had details about Rosetta, Lewis, Charles, Fred Jr. and Annie.
The fictional side came after O’Keefe put everything she could find in Frederick and Anna  Douglass in Rochester, New York: Their Home Was Open to All (Charleston, SC : The History Press, 2013). That book still left questions like, what would it have been like to live on the Underground Railroad? 
Special Delivery uses local details in the plot in which Lewis Douglass, age 11, dreaded driving a large wagon to the family’s new home. He didn’t know the delivery was of more than a new stove, but also precious human cargo. Even though a downpour, a gunman and thunder spooked the horses, Lewis succeeded because he had help.
As of the 2020s, there are over 10,000 Douglass family letters and mementoes being documented by scholars. Notably, If I survive: Frederick Douglass and family in the Walter O. Evans collection : a 200 year anniversary, by Celeste-Marie Bernier and Andrew Taylor, (Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2018), is the first in a series, with the rest due in the fall of 2024. Bernier, Celeste-Marie author.

Animal ABCs is a word game for people who enjoy a search that gets harder as it goes along; who enjoy unusual words and consider a dictionary one of their favorite books or research tools. There is a pattern, that we will leave to the curious reader to unlock on their own.  

Genesee Country, composed of Allegany, Genesee, Wyoming, Livingston, Monroe and Ontario Counties near the Genesee River in western New York, is rich in local history with national importance. The Seneca and Algonkin nations once called this lush land home, and after the American Revolution, settlers came in hordes to till the soil and raise families. The region later became a hotbed of activity for abolitionists, early supporters of women's rights and religious movements that influenced the entire United States. In this book, author and local historian Rose O'Keefe chronicles the sites where these and other important events took place. Join her on a tour of Genesee Country's legacies.

What would it be like to have one of the most famous escaped slaves in the world for a father, and the strong woman who held their home life together for a mother? It would mean being used to all kinds of people showing up on the family's doorstep any time of day or night and the worse the weather, the better. It would also mean watching your every word and step when you're away from home. When Frederick and Anna Douglass' eleven-year-old son Lewis hears his father tell the family they are moving from their gracious home on Alexander Street to a homestead on the edge of Rochester, New York, he feels shocked at leaving their lively neighborhood. But when his father tells him he must learn to drive a team of horses to help with the move, Lewis is at a loss for words at the thought of this daunting task and has no choice but to agree.

Frederick Douglass--famed author, orator and former slave--spent twenty-five years with his family in Rochester, New York, beginning in 1848. Despite living through one of our nation's most bitter and terrifying times, Frederick and his wife, Anna, raised five children in a loving home with flower, fruit and vegetable gardens. While Frederick traveled widely, fighting for the freedom and rights of his brethren, Anna cared for their home and their family and extended circle. Their house was open to fugitives on the Underground Railroad, visiting abolitionists and house guests who stayed for weeks, months and years at a time. Local author Rose O'Keefe weaves together the story of the Douglasses' experience in Rochester and the indelible mark they left on the Flower City.

Frederick Douglass--famed author, orator and former slave--spent twenty-five years with his family in Rochester, New York, beginning in 1848. Despite living through one of our nation's most bitter and terrifying times, Frederick and his wife, Anna, raised five children in a loving home with flower, fruit and vegetable gardens. While Frederick traveled widely, fighting for the freedom and rights of his brethren, Anna cared for their home and their family and extended circle. Their house was open to fugitives on the Underground Railroad, visiting abolitionists and house guests who stayed for weeks, months and years at a time. Local author Rose O'Keefe weaves together the story of the Douglasses' experience in Rochester and the indelible mark they left on the Flower City.

Genesee Country, composed of Allegany, Genesee, Wyoming, Livingston, Monroe and Ontario Counties near the Genesee River in western New York, is rich in local history with national importance. The Seneca and Algonkin nations once called this lush land home, and after the American Revolution, settlers came in hordes to till the soil and raise families. The region later became a hotbed of activity for abolitionists, early supporters of women's rights and religious movements that influenced the entire United States. In this book, author and local historian Rose O'Keefe chronicles the sites where these and other important events took place. Join her on a tour of Genesee Country's legacies.

Southeast Rochester provides an overview of the
neighborhoods that exploded with the development of the
Erie Canal from the 1820s to the 1890s. The early South
Avenue District stretched from the original canal and the
Genesee River to the ancient glacial hills once called the
Pinnacle Range. Noteworthy sites include Mount Hope
Cemetery, the nation's first municipal cemetery and final
resting place for the Frederick Douglass family and the
Susan B. Anthony family; Highland Park, designed by
Frederick Law Olmsted; the University of Rochester; and
Colgate Divinity School.

 
Southeast Rochester provides an overview of the
neighborhoods that exploded with the development of the
Erie Canal from the 1820s to the 1890s. The early South
Avenue District stretched from the original canal and the
Genesee River to the ancient glacial hills once called the
Pinnacle Range. Noteworthy sites include Mount Hope
Cemetery, the nation's first municipal cemetery and final
resting place for the Frederick Douglass family and the
Susan B. Anthony family; Highland Park, designed by
Frederick Law Olmsted; the University of Rochester; and
Colgate Divinity School.
 

Rochester's South Wedge follows the hundreds of ambitious and ordinary people who have formed a distinct community for 185 years. Immediate neighbors include Mount Hope Cemetery, the nation's first municipal cemetery and final resting place for the Frederick Douglass family and Susan B. Anthony; and Highland Park, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Close by are the University of Rochester and Colgate Divinity School. With its northern boundary on the original Erie Canal, the South Wedge became home to laborers, craftsmen, and shopkeepers who contributed to the boatbuilding industry in the 1800s. The worldfamous Ellwanger and Barry Nurseries covered parts of the South Wedge and surrounding area.

Rochester's South Wedge follows the hundreds of ambitious and ordinary people who have formed a distinct community for 185 years. Immediate neighbors include Mount Hope Cemetery, the nation's first municipal cemetery and final resting place for the Frederick Douglass family and Susan B. Anthony; and Highland Park, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Close by are the University of Rochester and Colgate Divinity School. With its northern boundary on the original Erie Canal, the South Wedge became home to laborers, craftsmen, and shopkeepers who contributed to the boatbuilding industry in the 1800s. The worldfamous Ellwanger and Barry Nurseries covered parts of the South Wedge and surrounding area.

This is part one of a three-part series that was published in The Epitaph, a newsletter put out by The Friends of Mount Hope Cemetery. You can download it as a PDF for free.

This is part three of a three-part series that was published in The Epitaph, a newsletter put out by The Friends of Mount Hope Cemetery. You can download it as a PDF for free.

This is part two of a series that was published in The Epitaph, a newsletter put out by The Friends of Mount Hope Cemetery. You can download it as a PDF for free.